Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis- 2nd edition

 

[This book is reference for Process Safety QRA Consequence Analysis- xl Tool click here]

Contents

(C) All rights reserved to their respective owners

◼  Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis

CPQRA Definitions

Component Techniques of CPQRA

Complete CPQRA Procedure

Prioritized CPQRA Procedure

Scope of CPQRA Studies

The Study Cube

Typical Goals of CPQRAs

Management of Incident Lists

Enumeration

Selection

Tracking

Applications of CPQRA

Screening Techniques

Applications within Existing Facilities

Applications within New Projects

Limitations of CPQRA

Current Practices

Utilization of CPQRA Results

Project Management

Study Goals

Study Objectives

Depth of Study

Special User Requirements

Construction of a Project Plan

Project Execution

Maintenance of Study Results

References

◼  Consequence Analysis

Source Models

Discharge Rate Models

Flash and Evaporation

Dispersion Models

Explosions and Fires

Vapor Cloud Explosions (VCE)

Flash Fires

Physical Explosion

BLEVE and Fireball

Confined Explosions

Pool Fires

Jet Fires

Effect Models

Toxic Gas Effects

Thermal Effects

Explosion Effects

Evasive Actions

Background

Description

Example Problem

Discussion

Modeling Systems

References

◼  Event Probability and Failure Frequency Analysis

Incident Frequencies from the Historical Record

Background

Description

Sample Problem

Discussion

Frequency Modeling Techniques

Fault Tree Analysis

Event Tree Analysis

Complementary Plant-Modeling Techniques

Common Cause Failure Analysis

Human Reliability Analysis

External Events Analysis

References

◼  Measurement, Calculation, and Presentation of Risk Estimates

Risk Measures

Risk Indices

Individual Risk

Societal Risk

Injury Risk Measures

Risk Presentation

Risk Indices

Individual Risk

Societal Risk

Selection of Risk Measures and Presentation Format

Selection of Risk Measures

Selection of Presentation Format

Risk Calculations

Individual Risk

Societal Risk

Risk Indices

General Comments

Example Risk Calculation Problem

Sample Problem Illustrating That F-N Curves Cannot Be

Calculated from Individual Risk Contours

Risk Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Importance

Uncertainty

Sensitivity

Importance

References

◼  Creation of CPQRA Data Base

Historical Incident Data

Types of Data

Sources

Process and Plant Data

Plant Layout and System Description

Ignition Sources and Data

Chemical Data

Types of Data

Sources

Environmental Data

Population Data

Meteorological Data

Geographic Data

Topographic Data

External Event Data

Equipment Reliability Data

Terminology

Types and Sources of Failure Rate Data

Key Factors Influencing Equipment Failure Rates

Failure Rate Adjustment Factors

Data Requirements and Estimated Accuracy

Collection and Processing of Raw Plant Data

Preparation of the CPQRA Equipment Failure Rate Data

Set

Sample Problem

Human Reliability Data

Use of Expert Opinions

References

◼  Special Topics and Other Techniques

Domino Effects

Background

Description

Sample Problem

Discussion

Unavailability Analysis of Protective Systems

Background

Description

Sample Problem

Discussion

Reliability Analysis of Programmable Electronic Systems

Background

Description

Sample Problem

Discussion

Other Techniques

MORT Analysis

IFAL Analysis

Hazard Warning Structure

Markov Processes

Monte Carlo Techniques

GO Methods

Reliability Block Diagrams

Cause-Consequence Analysis

Multiple Failure/Error Analysis (MFEA)

Sneak Analysis

References

◼  CPQRA Application Examples

Simple/Consequence CPQRA Examples

Simple/Consequence CPQRA Characterization

Application to a New Process Unit

Application to an Existing Process Unit

Intermediate/Frequency CPQRA Examples

Intermediate/Frequency CPQRA Characterization

Application to a New Process Unit

Application to an Existing Process Unit

Complex/Risk CPQRA Examples

Complex/Risk CPQRA Characterization

Application to a New or Existing Process Unit

References

◼  Case Studies

Chlorine Rail Tank Car Loading Facility

Introduction

Description

Identification, Enumeration, and Selection of Incidents

Incident Consequence Estimation

Incident Frequency Estimation

Risk Estimation

Conclusions

Distillation Column

Introduction

Description

Identification, Enumeration, and Selection of Incidents

Incident Consequence Estimation

Incident Frequency Estimation

Risk Estimation

Conclusions

References

◼  Future Developments

Hazard Identification

Source and Dispersion Models

Source Emission Models

Transport and Dispersion Models

Transient Plume Behavior

Concentration Fluctuations and the Time Averaging of

Dispersion Plumes

Input Data Uncertainties and Model Validation

Field Experiments

Model Evaluation

Consequence Models

Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosions (UVCE)

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosions (BLEVES) and

Fireballs

Pool and Jet Fires

Toxic Hazards

Human Exposure Models

Frequency Models

Human Factors

Electronic Systems

Failure Rate Data

Hazard Mitigation

Uncertainty Management

Integration of Reliability Analysis, CPQRA, and Cost-Benefit Studies

Summary

References

◼ Appendix A: Loss-of-Containment Causes in the Chemical

Industry

Appendix B: Training Programs

Appendix C: Sample Outline for CPQRA Reports

Appendix D: Minimal Cut Set Analysis

Appendix E: Approximation Methods for Quantifying Fault Trees

Appendix F: Probability Distributions, Parameters, and

◼ Terminology

Appendix G: Statistical Distributions Available for Use as Failure

Rate Models

Appendix H: Errors from Assuming That Time-Related Equipment

Failure Rates Are Constant

Appendix I: Data Reduction Techniques: Distribution

Identification and Testing Methods

Appendix J: Procedure for Combining Available Generic and

Plant-Specific Data

Conversion Factors

Glossary

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